Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy taps into the Earth's internal heat, generated by natural processes such as radioactive decay and planetary accretion. This energy is extracted through geothermal flow, with a continental average of 0.06 W/m², and offers a total potential capacity of 42 TWel globally.

Geothermal energy is classified as renewable because it replenishes naturally on a time scale similar to its extraction. However, its mining-like exploitation—using convection forced by well pumps—can exceed its natural renewal rate by conduction. This duality makes sustainable management critical to balancing heat extraction with resource longevity.

Although geothermal energy offers immense promise, its global development faces hurdles. As of 2020, the exploitable capacity for geothermal electricity was estimated at 250,000 MWel, yet global installations are projected to reach only 20,000 MWel by 2025. This slower growth contrasts sharply with its potential, highlighting the need for investment and innovation.

Why Geothermal Energy Matters

• Renewable and Sustainable: A clean energy source with minimal emissions.
• Scalable: Suitable for electricity production and combined heat and power (CHP) systems.
• Global Opportunity: Medium-enthalpy sources (>120°C) expand its applicability.

Unlocking the Future of Geothermal Energy
To achieve its full potential, geothermal energy requires:

• Advanced technologies like binary cycles (ORC).
• Strategic resource management to ensure sustainability.
• Global collaboration to overcome development barriers.

Geothermal energy stands as a cornerstone of the energy transition, offering a reliable, low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels. Let’s harness the heat beneath our feet to power a sustainable future.